Geropalliative Caring Model analysis and assessment according to Fawcett's criteria.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze and assess Lee Geropaliative Caring Model according to Fawcett's criteria. METHOD: A theoretical-reflective study about the Geropaliative Caring Model. The analysis resulted in a detailed review of the scope, context and content of a situation-specific theory, in order to determine aspects related to nursing practice and research, and assessment addressed the concrete concepts developed in theory, their significance, internal consistency, parsimony, testability and empirical and pragmatic adequacy in nursing as a discipline. RESULTS: Based on the analysis, a situation-specific theory was used based on the science of care and aimed at caring for older adults undergoing palliation and their families, structured into four fields, namely: (1) aligning care; (2) keeping safe; (3) comforting body/mind/spirit; and (4) facilitating transitions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The analyzed and assessed theory leads to a structure that includes well-defined, delimited and interrelated concepts, based on the science of care as a grand theory that allowed Geropaliative Care Model derivation.

Changes in chronic disease medications after admission to a Geriatric Health Services Facility: A multi-center prospective cohort study.

Older adults often receive polypharmacy, including some medications for chronic diseases. Nutritional management after admission to a nursing home may enable to deprescribe some chronic disease medications. This study aimed to investigate the status of deprescribing of chronic disease medications among nursing home residents, and to assess the appropriateness based on changes of laboratory test values and nutritional status. A multi-center prospective cohort study was conducted in 6 Geriatric Health Services Facilities, a major type of nursing homes in Japan. Newly admitted residents aged ≥ 65 years who took ≥1 medication for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia at admission were recruited. Participants who stayed for 3 months were included in the analysis. Medications at admission and 3 months after admission and situations for deprescribing were investigated. Changes in body mass index, blood pressure, laboratory tests (e.g., cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c levels), energy intake, and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health staging were evaluated. Sixty-nine participants (68% female, 62% aged ≥ 85 years) were included. At admission, 60 participants had medications for hypertension, 29 for dyslipidemia, and 13 for diabetes. Those receiving lipid-modifying drugs (mainly statins) decreased from 29 to 21 (72%; P = .008), since their cholesterol levels was within the normal range or was low at admission, and they had no history of cardiovascular events. However, there were no statistically significant changes in the frequencies of antihypertensive drugs (60 to 55; 92%; P = .063) or antidiabetic drugs (13 to 12; 92%; P = 1.000). During the 3-month observation, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure decreased, while energy intake and serum albumin level increased. Nutritional management after admission to a ROKEN may facilitate appropriate deprescribing of lipid-modifying drugs, by offseting the effects of discontinuation of these drugs.

Relato de experiência e resultados preliminares do estudo pro-eva: uma proposta para o manejo da caderneta de saúde da pessoa idosa / Experience report and preliminary results of the pro-eva study: a proposal for the management of the health book of the elderly person

Introdução: a Política Nacional de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa estabelece a importância da realização de estratégias voltadas para a saúde, principalmente em relação à preservação da capacidade funcional. No conjunto de iniciativas estabelecidas por essa política, encontra-se a implementação da Caderneta de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa (CSPI). Objetivo: relatar a experiência de implantação e desenvolvimento do estudo "Pro-Eva" e apresentar seus resultados preliminares quanto à aplicação da CSPI. Métodos: o estudo está sendo desenvolvido em cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) em Parnamirim (RN). Foi criada uma versão digital da CSPI, em formato de sistema on-line, com o intuito de inserir as informações coletadas por meio da caderneta, seguindo uma metodologia própria de preenchimento do instrumento. Os critérios de inclusão são: ter pelo menos 60 anos de idade; estar cadastrado em uma das UBS participantes do estudo; aceitar participar da avaliação do estudo em sua totalidade. Resultados: 996 pessoas idosas já participaram do processo de preenchimento da CSPI e tiveram seus dados lançados no sistema de monitoramento on-line. A média de idade da amostra foi de 70,3 (±7,1), sendo a maioria composta por mulheres (61,3%). Aproximadamente metade dos idosos eram pardos (49,5%) e estavam em uma união estável (51,2%). Conclusão: o presente artigo possui pertinência por conduzir um relato de experiência da implementação e do fortalecimento da CSPI, enquanto política de saúde, em um município do Nordeste brasileiro e por ter desenvolvido um fluxograma de preenchimento da caderneta que poderá ser base para futuros estudos nesta temática.(AU)

Introduction: National health policy for the elderly establishes the importance of carrying out strategies aimed at health, especially about preservation of functional capacity. Among the set of initiatives established by this policy there is the implementation of the Health Book of the Elderly Person. Purpose: To report the experience of implementation and development of the "Pro-Eva" study and present its preliminary results, regarding the application of the book. Methods: The study is being developed in five basic health units in Parnamirim (RN). A digital version of the health book was created, in an online system format, to insert the information collected, following a specific methodology for filling in the instrument. The inclusion criteria are: be at least 60 years old; be registered in one of the health units participating in the study; accept to participate in the evaluation of the study in its entirety. Results: 996 elderlies have already partici- pated in the process of fill the health book and had their data posted in the online monitoring system. The average age was 70.3 (± 7.1) years, with the majority being women (61.3%). Approximately half of the elderly were brown (49.5%) and were in a stable union (51.2%). Conclusion: This article is pertinent for conducting an experience report on the implementation and strengthening of the health book, in a city in the Brazilian Northeast, and for having developed a flow- chart for filling out the book that may be the basis for future studies in this thematic.(AU)

Case volume and rate are associated with outcomes in geriatric trauma: A case for geriatric trauma centers?

BACKGROUND: Increased morbidity and mortality in geriatric trauma patients are usually due to decreased physiologic reserve and increased comorbidities. It is unclear whether geriatric trauma case volume and rates correlate with survival. We hypothesized that geriatric patients would have increased survival when treated in high-case volume and rate trauma centers. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Trauma Quality Improvement Program database between 2015 and 2019. Geriatric trauma patients (≥65 years) with severe injury (Injury Severity Score ≥16) were included. Geriatric case volume (GCV) was defined as the mean annual number of treated geriatric trauma patients, while geriatric case rate (GCR) was the mean annual number of elderly trauma patients divided by all trauma patients in each center. Trauma centers were classified into low-, medium-, and high-volume and rate facilities based on GCV and GCR. The association of GCV and GCR with in-hospital mortality and complication rates was assessed using the generalized additive model (GAM) and multivariate generalized linear mixed model adjusted for patient characteristics (age, sex, Injury Severity Score, Revised Trauma Score, and Modified Frailty Index) as fixed-effect variables and hospital characteristics as random effect variables. RESULTS: A total of 164,818 geriatric trauma patients from 812 hospitals were included in the analysis. The GAM plots showed that the adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality decreased as GCV and the GCR increased. The generalized linear mixed model revealed that both high GCV and high GCR hospitals had lower mortality rates than low GCV and GCR hospitals (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], high GCV and high GCR centers; 0.82 [0.72-0.92] and 0.81 [0.73-0.90], respectively). CONCLUSION: Both high geriatric trauma volume and rates were associated with decreased mortality of geriatric trauma patients. Consolidation of care for elderly patients with severe injury in specialized high-volume centers may be considered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.

Assessment and comparison of anticholinergic exposure in older adults at a Basic Health Unit in Porto Alegre / Avaliação e comparação da exposição anticolinérgica em idosos de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Porto Alegre

Objectives: To estimate the anticholinergic burden in geriatric patients using two scales and to assess the degree of agreement between them. Methods: Data from an observational study conducted in a primary health care service were used. Anticholinergic burden was assessed using the Belgian Scale Muscarinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor ANTagonist Exposure Scale and the Brazilian Scale of Medicines with Anticholinergic Activity. The cumulative anticholinergic burden score was classified using a categorical approach: Brazilian scale (0: none; 1 ­ 2: low; ≥ 3: high) and Belgian scale (0: none; 0.5 ­ 1.5: low; ≥ 2: high). The degree of agreement between the two instruments was obtained through Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: A total of 374 older people were included, most of them female and aged between 60 and 69 years. At least one potentially inappropriate drug with anticholinergic activity was used by 60.70% of patients according to the Brazilian scale and 32.89% by the Belgian scale. On average, 20.85% were under high anticholinergic exposure. Overall, on both scales, the most commonly recurrent medications were those indicated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Agreement between the scales was moderate (Kappa = 0.43). Conclusions: A high percentage of older adults was exposed to drugs with an anticholinergic burden, posing risks to health and quality of life. Consensus is needed on how anticholinergic burden is calculated by these scores, as well as standardization of the list of included drugs.

Objetivos: Estimar a carga anticolinérgica em idosos com base em duas escalas e avaliar o grau de concordância entre estas. Metodologia: Foram utilizados dados de um estudo observacional realizado em um serviço de atenção primária. A carga anticolinérgica foi avaliada pela escala belga Muscarinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor ANTagonist Exposure Scale e da Escala Brasileira de Medicamentos com Atividade Anticolinérgica. A pontuação da carga anticolinérgica cumulativa foi classificada utilizando uma abordagem categórica: escala brasileira (0: nenhuma, 1 ­ 2: baixa, ≥ 3: alta) e escala belga (0: nenhuma, 0,5 ­ 1,5: baixa, ≥ 2: alta). O grau de concordância entre as duas ferramentas foi obtido por meio do coeficiente Capa de Cohen. Resultados: Foram incluídos 374 idosos, a maioria do sexo feminino e com idade entre 60 a 69 anos. O uso de pelo menos um medicamento potencialmente inapropriado com atividade anticolinérgica foi verificado em 60,70% dos idosos com a aplicação da escala brasileira e em 32,89% com a escala belga. Em média, 20.85% estavam sob alta exposição anticolinérgica. De modo geral, os medicamentos mais recorrentes, para ambas as escalas, foram os indicados para o tratamento de transtornos psiquiátricos. A concordância entre as escalas foi moderada (Capa = 0,43). Conclusão: Um percentual elevado de idosos estava exposto a medicamentos com carga anticolinérgica, representando riscos para a saúde e a qualidade de vida. É necessário um consenso sobre como calcular a carga anticolinérgica nos diferentes escores, bem como a padronização da lista de medicamentos incluídos.

A look at vulnerability in the older population in health sciences studies: a systematic review / O olhar sobre a vulnerabilidade na população idosa nos estudos das ciências da saúde: uma revisão sistemática

The objective of this study was to systematically investigate and review studies on the concept of vulnerability associated with the health of the older population. Articles were selected, filtered, and analyzed following the steps recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers using templates developed by the authors. Data extracted included specific details about population, interest, and context. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: 1) were cross-sectional or prospective, 2) involved community-dwellers aged ≥ 60 years, 3) were published in the last 10 years, and 4) had as a concept vulnerability associated with the health of the older population. A total of 833 studies were identified and screened, 26 of which were included. Most included studies addressed vulnerability in older adults as an individual aspect, whether biological or psychological. The remaining studies reported vulnerability as affecting socio-environmental, health care system, and multifactorial aspects. Therefore, the concept of "vulnerability in older people" was not properly defined in the biomedical scientific community. When we return to the guiding question of this review, we can conclude that the conditions of vulnerability of older people are being treated broadly and diversely, producing different methodological strategies. The systematic review was conducted in the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases between August and December 2020 and updated in September 2022, with registration number CRD42022361649

O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar e revisar sistematicamente estudos sobre o conceito de vulnerabilidade associado à saúde da população idosa. Os trabalhos foram selecionados, filtrados e analisados seguindo as etapas recomendadas pela The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A triagem e a extração de dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes usando modelos desenvolvidos pelos autores. A extração de dados incluiu detalhes específicos da população; interesse; contexto. Consideraram-se artigos que: 1) fossem estudos transversais ou prospectivos, 2) envolvessem idosos da comunidade (≥ 60 anos), 3) fossem dos últimos dez anos; tivessem como conceito a vulnerabilidade associada à saúde da população idosa. O total de 833 estudos foi identificado e triado, e 26 deles foram incluídos. A maioria dos estudos incluídos verificou a vulnerabilidade do idoso no aspecto individual, seja biológico, seja psicológico. Em contrapartida, o restante dos estudos acredita que a vulnerabilidade atinja o aspecto socioambiental, sistema de saúde e multifatorial. Sendo assim, conceito de "vulnerabilidade do idoso" não está devidamente definido na comunidade científica biomédica. Neste caso, retornando à questão norteadora desta revisão, conclui-se que as condições de vulnerabilidade do idoso estão sendo tratadas de maneira ampla e diversa, produzindo diferentes estratégias metodológicas. A revisão sistemática foi realizada nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), entre agosto e dezembro de 2020, com atualização em setembro de 2022, sob código CRD42022361649

Potentially inappropriate prescribing among older patients and associated factors: comparison of two versions of STOPP/START criteria

Abstract The study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence and type of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) between the STOPP/START original (v1) and updated version (v2) among older patients in various settings, as well as associated factors. The study included 440 patients attending a community pharmacy, 200 outpatients and 140 nursing home users. An increase in the prevalence of STOPP v2 (57.9%) compared to v1 (56.2%) was not statistically significant in the total sample and within each setting (p>0.05). A decrease in the prevalence of START v1 (55.8%) to v2 (41.2%) was statistically significant (p<0.001) in the total sample and within each setting (p<0.05). Drug indication (32.9%) and fall-risk medications (32.2%) were most commonly identified for STOPP v2, while cardiovascular system criteria (30.5%) were the most frequently detected for START v2. The number of medications was the strongest predictor for both STOPP v1 and v2, with odds ratio values of 1.35 and 1.34, respectively. Patients' characteristics associated with the occurrence of STOPP and START criteria were identified. According to both STOPP/START versions, the results indicate a substantial rate of potentially inappropriate prescribing among elderly patients. The prevalence of PIMs was slightly higher with the updated version, while the prevalence of PPOs was significantly lower

Expressions of ageism during the pandemic as perceived by older persons / Expressões de idadismo durante a pandemia segundo a percepção de pessoas idosas

OBJECTIVE: To describe expressions of ageism as perceived by older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study, including 134 older adults who answered a digital questionnaire, between January and July 2022. A word cloud was used to identify stereotypes. Prejudice was assessed using the Anxiety about Aging scale and discrimination was measured using the Ageism Survey. In addition, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to identify the types of discrimination experienced in the pandemic. RESULTS: Older persons tend to reproduce stereotypes associated with experience and wisdom, with the presence of biopsychosocial changes and dependence, and enjoyment of life. Most older persons reported discrimination (93.50%), especially perceived through "telling jokes about older persons" (72.39%). In the pandemic setting, the most perceived discriminatory manifestations referred to policies, practices, or norms related to the pandemic (38.06%) and when reading and watching news in the newspaper, the Internet, and television (35.07%). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that older persons experienced ageism during the pandemic and show the need for programs and policies aimed at education on ageing, so as to reduce the stigmas of old age and discrimination, aiming to foster healthy ageing.

OBJETIVO: Descrever expressões de idadismo percebidas por pessoas idosas durante a pandemia de COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo, realizado com 134 idosos que responderam a um questionário digital, entre janeiro e julho de 2022. Para identificar os estereótipos, elaborou-se uma nuvem de palavras. O preconceito foi avaliado por meio da Escala de Ansiedade sobre Envelhecer e a discriminação foi mensurada por intermédio do Ageism Survey. Além disso, utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado para identificar os tipos de discriminação sofridos na pandemia. RESULTADOS: Pessoas idosas tendem a reproduzir estereótipos associados à experiência e sabedoria, com presença de alterações biopsicossociais e dependência, e de fruição da vida. A maioria das pessoas idosas relatou discriminação (93,50%), especialmente percebida por meio de "contar piadas sobre idosos" (72,39%). No contexto da pandemia, as manifestações discriminatórias mais percebidas referiram-se às políticas, práticas ou normas relacionadas à pandemia (38,06%) e ao ler e assistir notícias no jornal, internet e televisão (35,07%). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem o idadismo vivenciado por pessoas idosas na pandemia e evidenciam a necessidade de criação de programas e políticas voltados para a educação em envelhecer, a fim de reduzir os estigmas da velhice e a discriminação, com vistas à promoção do envelhecimento saudável.

Oral health care of homebound older adults: multidimensional theoretical model / Cuidado à saúde bucal de idosos domiciliados: modelo teórico multidimensional

OBJECTIVES: To understand the dimensions of oral health care of homebound older adults and to develop a preliminary theoretical model that explains how these dimensions are interrelated in the provision of care. METHODS: Cross-sectional, qualitative study, based on Grounded Theory. Participants were 37 intentionally selected older adults registered at a Primary Health Care center, Florianópolis (SC), Brazil. Data collection was conducted at home, following an interview script. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by constant comparison. Formulation of the model followed the Glaserian approach. RESULTS: The theoretical model presents the dimensions of oral health care of homebound older adults - who, why, when, how, and where oral health care is provided. Frailties were identified in all dimensions of oral health care, with emphasis on those related to older adults' living, health, and oral health conditions, compromising dental care provided at home, access to dental services, and presence of the dentist. In combination, these frailties constitute a rupture in the possibilities for oral health care. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for provision of oral health care to homebound older adults should be implemented in each of the dimensions to overcome the frailties identified and promote better oral health conditions and access to dental services. (AU)

OBJETIVOS: Compreender quais as dimensões presentes no cuidado à saúde bucal de idosos domiciliados e elaborar um modelo teórico preliminar que explique de que modo essas dimensões estão inter-relacionadas na produção do cuidado. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, qualitativo, com referencial da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Participaram 37 idosos, intencionalmente selecionados, cadastrados na Atenção Primária à Saúde, Florianópolis (SC). A coleta de dados foi realizada no domicílio, seguindo roteiro de entrevista. As falas foram gravadas em áudio, transcritas e analisadas por comparação constante. A elaboração do modelo seguiu a vertente glaseriana do método. RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se fragilidades no processo de cuidado em todos os elementos de caracterização (quem, porque, quando, como e onde), destacando-se as relacionadas ao próprio idoso, a sua condição de saúde bucal, ao cuidado realizado no domicílio, ao acesso aos serviços odontológicos e à participação do cirurgião-dentista. O somatório dessas fragilidades promove uma ruptura nas possibilidades de cuidado à saúde bucal nas múltiplas dimensões: individual, familiar, profissional e institucional. CONCLUSÕES: Estratégias de cuidado à saúde bucal prestado aos idosos em domicílio devem ser implementadas em cada uma das dimensões identificadas a fim de superar as fragilidades e promover melhores condições de saúde bucal e acesso aos serviços odontológicos. (AU)

Interventions used by health professionals in older adults with low levels of health literacy: a scoping review / Intervenções utilizadas por profissionais de saúde em idosos com baixo letramento em saúde: uma revisão de escopo

This scoping review sought to identify, synthesize, and assess the available evidence on the aims and effects of interventions used by health professionals in older adults with low levels of health literacy. Relevant articles were selected from the databases from April 2017 to April 2020. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis was used for conducting this scoping review, and a total of 22 studies were reviewed. The positive effects observed for each type of intervention, yielding significant results for some of the outcomes and improvements in intragroup scores, demonstrated that the interventions had good acceptability by older adults with limited health literacy. However, we were not able to determine which intervention strategies had a significant positive effect on health outcomes in these patients. Further high-quality randomized clinical trials employing greater methodological rigor for assessing results are needed to elucidate the potential benefits of interventions in this population. (AU)

Uma revisão de escopo foi conduzida para identificar, resumir e avaliar a evidência existente sobre os objetivos e efeitos das intervenções utilizadas por profissionais de saúde em idosos com baixo letramento em saúde. Artigos relevantes foram selecionados de bases de dados entre abril de 2017 a abril de 2020. Os autores consultaram o manual de síntese de evidências do The Joanna Briggs Institute para a condução desta revisão de escopo. Ao final, foram selecionados 22 estudos. Os efeitos positivos observados para cada tipo de intervenção, produzindo resultados significativos para alguns desfechos e melhoria na pontuação intragrupos, demonstraram que as intervenções têm boa aceitação por parte dos idosos com baixo letramento digital. No entanto, não foi possível concluir quais estratégias tiveram efeitos positivos significativos para melhoria de desfechos em saúde nesses pacientes. Futuros ensaios clínicos randomizados de alta qualidade com rigor metodológico para avaliação dos resultados são necessários para elucidar os potenciais benefícios das intervenções para essa população. (AU)

Sedative use and incidence of falls and hip fractures among older adults in an outpatient geriatric clinic / Perfil de uso de sedativos e ocorrência de quedas e fratura de fêmur entre idosos em um ambulatório de geriatria

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of sedatives by older adults attending a private outpatient geriatric clinic in Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil, and its association with falls and hip fractures. METHODS: Using a longitudinal design, the prevalence of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine ("z-drugs") intake by older adults was described and their association with the incidence of falls and fractures (30 days after the initial visit) was evaluated through logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 7821 older adults were included in the study, most of them women (72.50%), with a mean age of 77.5 years and a mean Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20) score of 16.5. The overall prevalence of sedative use (any sedative) was 6.19%, with 4.48% benzodiazepines and 1.98% z-drugs. The most widely used sedatives were clonazepam (29.04%), zolpidem (28.65%), and alprazolam (23.44%). Falls were reported for 182 patients (2.33%), with a higher incidence among users of any sedatives (4.34; p = 0.002; OR = 1.94, adjusted for sex, age, and IVCF-20) and benzodiazepines (5.14%; p < 0.001; OR = 2.28) than among non-users (2.19%). Hip fractures occurred in 33 patients (0.42%), and again were more frequent among users of sedatives (1.03%; p = 0.032; OR = 2.57) and benzodiazepines (1.43%; p = 0.003; OR = 3.45) than among non-users (0.38%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of sedatives, especially benzodiazepines, is associated with an increased incidence of falls and hip fractures in older adults

OBJETIVO: Investigar a utilização de sedativos entre idosos atendidos em ambulatório privado de geriatria em Belo Horizonte (MG), bem como sua associação com quedas e fraturas de fêmur. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de estudo longitudinal, no qual foi descrita a prevalência de uso de benzodiazepínicos e drogas Z entre idosos (60 anos ou mais) e avaliada sua associação com a incidência de queda e fratura (30 dias após consulta inicial) por meio de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 7821 idosos, com maioria feminina (72,50%), idade média de 77,5 anos e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional (IVCF-20) médio de 16,5 pontos. A prevalência de uso de sedativos em geral foi de 6,19%, sendo 4,48% de benzodiazepínicos e 1,98% de drogas Z. Os medicamentos sedativos mais utilizados foram clonazepam (29,04%), zolpidem (28,65%) e alprazolam (23,44%). Relatou-se queda para 182 idosos (2,33%), com incidência maior entre usuários de sedativos (4,34; p = 0,002; OR = 1,94 ajustada por sexo, idade e IVCF-20) e de benzodiazepínicos (5,14%; p < 0,001; OR = 2,28) do que entre não usuários (2,19%). Identificou-se fratura de fêmur em 33 idosos (0,42%), sendo mais frequente entre usuários de sedativos (1,03%; p = 0,032; OR = 2,57) e de benzodiazepínicos (1,43%; p = 0,003; OR = 3,45) do que entre não usuários (0,38%). CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que a incidência de quedas e fraturas de fêmur em idosos possui associação com o uso de medicamentos sedativos, em especial os benzodiazepínicos

Effects of home-based physical exercise programs on cognition in older adults: an integrative review / Efeitos de programas de exercícios físicos domiciliares na cognição de idosos: uma revisão integrativa

This study sought to review randomized clinical trials of home-based physical exercises and their effects on cognition in older adults. An integrative review was carried out after searching the PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and PEDro databases. The risk of bias of the included randomized controlled trials was assessed using the PEDro Scale. Fourteen studies were included, with an average PEDro score of 6.1±1.7 (range, 3 to 9) points. Overall, the studies found that interventions consisting of home-based physical exercise programs, whether strength training alone or combined with aerobic and balance exercises, performed three times a week in 60-minute sessions for a minimum duration of 8 weeks, contribute to cognitive performance in older adults, with particular impact on executive function. We conclude that home-based physical exercises constitute a strategy to minimize the negative implications associated with cognitive impairment in older adults

Este estudo buscou revisar ensaios clínicos randomizados com exercícios físicos domiciliares e seus efeitos na cognição de idosos. Foi feita uma revisão integrativa com seleção nas bases de dados PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO e PEDro. A avaliação do risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos randomizados incluídos foi feita usando a Escala PEDro. Catorze estudos foram incluídos, cuja pontuação dos artigos na escala PEDro foi em média de 6,1±1,7 pontos, com a pontuação total variando de 3 a 9. De forma geral, os estudos apontaram que a intervenção com programas de exercícios domiciliares de treino de força isolado ou combinado com exercícios aeróbio e de equilíbrio, realizado três vezes na semana com 60 minutos por sessão e duração mínima de oito semanas, contribui para o desempenho cognitivo de idosos, especialmente sobre a função executiva. Concluiu-se que exercícios domiciliares se apresentam como uma estratégia para minimizar as consequências negativas associadas ao déficit cognitivo em idosos

Systemic and oral health status of older adult inpatients in an intensive care unit / Avaliação da condição sistêmica e oral de idosos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva

Objective: To assess the systemic and oral health status of geriatric patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of a convenience sample of 78 older ICU inpatients. A single calibrated examiner collected demographic and clinical data by analyzing patients' records and assessing their oral cavities. Descriptive data analysis was performed to a 5.00% significance level. All patients provided informed consent and were conscious during the oral health assessment. Results: The mean age was 77.69 years and 51.28% of the sample were male. The main reasons patients were admitted to the ICU investigated were postoperative conditions (23.08%) and cardiac abnormalities (20.51%). Systemic arterial hypertension (69.23%) was the most prevalent comorbidity and patients were being treated with anticoagulants (57.69%) and antimicrobials (53.85%). Most patients did not receive oral care (64.10%), while 29.49% of them received it only once, and 57.69% were denture users. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth index was 23.74 (17.44 missing teeth, on average) and majorities had tongue biofilm (71.79%) and unsatisfactory oral hygiene during their time in hospital (84.62%). Conclusion: The oral status of hospitalized geriatric patients was characterized by poor hygiene and edentulism

Objetivos: Avaliar o estado de saúde sistêmica e oral de pacientes geriátricos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo, com amostra de conveniência de 78 idosos internados na UTI. Um único examinador calibrado coletou dados demográficos e clínicos, analisando os registros dos pacientes e avaliando as suas cavidades orais. A análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada com nível de significância de 5,00%. Todos os pacientes forneceram consentimento informado e estavam conscientes durante a avaliação da saúde oral. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 77,69 anos e 51,28% da amostra era do sexo masculino. Os principais motivos de internação dos pacientes na UTI investigados foram condições pósoperatórias (23,08%) e alterações cardíacas (20,51%). A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (69,23%) foi a comorbidade mais prevalente, e os pacientes estavam sendo tratados com anticoagulantes (57,69%) e antimicrobianos (53,85%). A maioria dos pacientes não recebeu cuidados orais (64,10%), enquanto 29,49% deles os receberam apenas uma vez e 57,69% eram usuários de próteses dentárias. O índice médio de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados foi de 23,74 (17,44 dentes ausentes, em média) e a maioria apresentou biofilme lingual (71,79%) e higiene oral insatisfatória durante a internação (84,62%). Conclusão: A condição oral dos pacientes geriátricos hospitalizados foi caracterizada por má higiene e edentulismo.

The effectiveness of an orthogeriatric service in Ain Shams University, Egypt: a quality improvement study.

This quality improvement study assessed the effectiveness of an orthogeriatric service regarding fracture care and outcomes in terms of time to surgery, length of hospital stay, postoperative pain score improvement, depression and treatment decisions. The findings showed a significant reduction in time to surgery and mean length of stay following the implementation of orthogeriatric services (OGS). INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease prevalent amongst the elderly, more commonly females, and puts them at increased risk of fragility fractures. OGS are recommended as a model of best practice for primary and secondary fracture care. METHODS: This quality improvement study, conducted in our facility at Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, aimed to determine the effectiveness of an orthogeriatric service. We compared fracture care and outcomes before and after the implementation of OGS in terms of time to surgery, length of hospital stay, degree of postoperative pain score improvement, depression and treatment decisions. We included 128 patients aged 60 and above presenting to the emergency department with a fracture. RESULTS: We found a significant reduction in the median time to surgery in the post-OGS group (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in the mean length of stay in favour of the post-OGS group (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the number of patients treated operatively, degree of postoperative pain improvement or susceptibility to depression. CONCLUSION: Since the orthogeriatric service began, preliminary data have been encouraging, with significant reductions in time to surgery and length of stay. This along with preoperative medical optimisation and collaborative discharge recommendations has improved overall patient outcomes even though more research is needed.

Complicaciones agudas hospitalarias en adultos mayores con Enfermedad Cerebrovascular asociadas a características neuro-geriátricas / Acute hospital complications in older adults with Cerebrovascular Disease associated with neurogeriatric characteristics

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad cerebrovascular en los adultos mayores tiene implicaciones clínicas, sociales y económicas que pueden comprometer la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. Es importante determinar las complicaciones que puede presentar el paciente geriátrico con enfermedad cerebrovascular durante los días de estancia hospitalaria. OBJETIVO: Determinar las características neuro-geriátricas asociadas a las complicaciones agudas no neurológicas y los días de hospitalización de los pacientes adultos mayores con enfermedad cerebrovascular. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo. Población de 120 y muestra de 73 pacientes mayores de 65 años con enfermedad cerebro vascular de la Unidad de Neurología del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín que inició en agosto de 2020 y culminó en enero 2021. Se excluyó a pacientes que no cumplieron el criterio mencionado, con dependencia funcional total previa, patologías psiquiátricas previas, o personas que no aceptaron ser parte del estudio. Se efectuó el seguimiento de los pacientes desde el ingreso hasta el alta hospitalaria, para identificar complicaciones agudas no neurológicas y días de hospitalización. Se determinó las características neuro-geriátricas mediante las escalas de Barthel, Gijón, Charlson, Norton, Glasgow y NIHSS. Se obtuvo riesgo relativo e intervalos de confianza, considerando significativo un valor p<0,05. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 77 (±8,5) años. Las complicaciones fueron infección de tracto urinario (22,0%), neumonía (20,0%), desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico (19,0%), disfagia (13,0%) y úlceras por presión (9,0%). Las complicaciones que se presentaron significativamente ante una estancia hospitalaria prolongada comparada con quienes no las presentaron fueron la Neumonía (Media 5,81 (1,47 a 10,16) con IC 95%) y la infección del tracto urinario (Media 4,95 (1,52 a 8,38) con IC 95%). Según las características neuro-geriátricas y las complicaciones, encontramos diferencia estadísticamente significativa solo con en el grupo de riesgo bajo, según la escala de Norton RR 0,744 con IC 95% (0,584 - 0,949). CONCLUSIONES: Es importante realizar la valoración geriátrica integral al paciente neurológico tanto al ingreso como al egreso hospitalario, ya que permite detectar complicaciones que pueden pasar desapercibidas y prolongar la estancia hospitalaria.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular disease in older adults has clinical, social, and economic implications that can compromise functionality and quality of life. It is important to determine the complications that the geriatric patient with cerebrovascular disease may present during hospital days. OBJECTIVE: To determine the neuro-geriatric characteristics associated with acute non-neurological complications and hospital days in older adult patients with cerebrovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective descriptive study. Population of 120 and sample of 73 patients older than 65 years with cerebrovascular disease from the Neurology Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital that began in August 2020 and culminated in January 2021. Patients who did not meet the aforementioned criteria, with previous total functional dependence, previous psychiatric pathologies, or people who did not agree to be part of the study were excluded. Patients were followed up from admission to hospital discharge to identify acute non-neurological complications and days of hospitalization. Neuro-geriatric characteristics were determined using the Barthel, Gijon, Charlson, Norton, Glasgow and NIHSS scales. Relative risk and confidence intervals were obtained, considering a p-value <0.05 as significant. RESULTS: Mean age was 77 (±8.5) years. Complications were urinary tract infection (22.0%), pneumonia (20.0%), water and electrolyte imbalance (19.0%), dysphagia (13.0%) and pressure ulcers (9.0%). Complications that occurred significantly in the face of a prolonged hospital stay compared to those who did not present were Pneumonia (Mean 5.81 (1.47 to 10.16) with 95% CI) and urinary tract infection (Mean 4.95 (1.52 to 8.38) with 95% CI). According to neuro-geriatric characteristics and complications, we found statistically significant difference only with in the low risk group, according to the Norton scale RR 0.744 with 95% CI (0.584 - 0.949). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to perform comprehensive geriatric assessment of the neurological patient both on admission and hospital discharge, as it allows the detection of complications that may go unnoticed and prolong hospital stay.